Ginsenoside - - malonyl gisenoside Rb1, gisenoside Rb2, Ginsenoside Rg3, Ginsenoside Rg, ginsenoside Rf, 20(S)-pseudoginsenoside F11,

Various structure-similar plant secondary metabolites like ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) possess different or even totally opposite biological activities. A number of Panax ginseng species are available, each with its own set of ginsenoside. Ginseng and its components exert various biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, and anti-tumor activity

Panax ginseng (Chinese ginseng)
Panax notoginseng (Sanchi) has ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rh1, ginsenoside Re, notoginsenoside R1 , ginsenoside Rd ginsenoside Rh1, notoginsenoside S, notoginsenoside T.
Panax japonicus (Rhizoma Panacis Majoris)
Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng)
Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng)

Ginsenoside Rb1
Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 at low doses on histamine, substance P, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the burn wound areas during the process of acute burn wound repair.
Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Feb. Kawahira K, Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
We reported recently that the facilitating effects of ginsenosid Rb1 on burn wound-healing might be due to the promotion of angiogenesis. Increased histamine, substance P (SP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels caused inflammation, and pain following severe burn wound injury. We examined the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the histamine, SP, and MCP-1 levels in burn wound tissue during burn wound repair.  The facilitating actions of ginsenoside Rb(1) on burn wound healing may be due to the increase in histamine production via the increase in mast cell migration to the burn wound area induced by the rapid elevation of MCP-1.

Ginsenoside Rg1
Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine administration in rats.
J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Feb. Neuroscience Program, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on learning impairment by chronic morphine administration and the mechanism responsibe for this effect. We conclude that Ginsenoside Rg1 may significantly improve the spatial learning capacity impaired by chonic morphine administration and restore the morphine-inhibited LTP. This effect is NMDA receptor dependent.

Ginsenoside Rg3
Selective toxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 on multidrug resistant cells by membrane fluidity modulation.
Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Feb. College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Su-Won 440-746, Korea.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. It was previously reported that a red ginseng saponin, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 could modulate MDR in vitro and extend the survival of mice implanted with ADR-resistant murine leukemia P388 cells. This study examined the cytotoxicity of Ginsenoside Rg3 on normal and transformed cells, along with its effect on the membrane fluidity. The cytotoxicity study revealed that 120 microM of Ginsenoside Rg3 was cytotoxic against a multidrug-resistant human fibroblast carcinoma cell line, KB V20C, but not against normal WI 38 cells in vitro. These results clearly show that Ginsenoside Rg3 decreases the membrane fluidity thereby blocking drug efflux.

Ginkgo biloba brain information